A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
|
- action in the present taking place
once, never or several times
- facts
- actions taking place one after
another
- action set by a timetable or
schedule
|
always, every …, never, normally, often,
seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
|
Present
Progressive
|
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
|
- action taking
place in the moment of speaking
- action taking place only for a
limited period of time
- action arranged for the future
|
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now,
right now
|
Simple Past
|
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
|
- action in the past taking place once, never or several times
- actions taking place one after
another
- action taking place in the middle
of another action
|
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day,
last Friday
if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
|
Past
Progressive
|
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
|
- action going on
at a certain time in the past
- actions taking place at the same
time
- action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
|
when, while, as long as
|
Present
Perfect Simple
|
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
|
- putting emphasis on the result
- action that is still going on
- action that stopped recently
- finished action that has an
influence on the present
- action that has taken place once,
never or several times before the moment of speaking
|
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till
now, up to now
|
Present
Perfect Progressive
|
A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?
|
- putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
- action that recently stopped or is
still going on
- finished action that influenced
the present
|
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the
whole week
|
Past
Perfect Simple
|
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
|
- action taking place before a
certain time in the past
- sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect progressive
- putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
|
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had
talked, …)
|
Past
Perfect Progressive
|
A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?
|
- action taking place before a
certain time in the past
- sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect simple
- putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
|
for, since, the whole day, all day
|
Future I Simple
|
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
|
- action in the future that cannot
be influenced
- spontaneous decision
- assumption with regard to the
future
|
in a year, next …, tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
|
Future I
Simple
(going to)
|
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
|
- decision made for the future
- conclusion with regard to the
future
|
in one year, next week, tomorrow
|
Future I
Progressive
|
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
|
- action that is going
on at a certain time in the future
- action that is sure to happen in
the near future
|
in one year, next week, tomorrow
|
Future II
Simple
|
A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
|
- action that will be finished at a certain time in the future
|
by Monday, in a week
|
Future II
Progressive
|
A: He will have been speaking.
N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?
|
- action taking place
before a certain time in the future
- putting emphasis on
the course of an action
|
for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
|
Conditional
I Simple
|
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
|
- action that might take place
|
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.)
|
Conditional
I Progressive
|
A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?
|
- action that might
take place
- putting emphasis on
the course / duration of
the action
|
|
Conditional
II Simple
|
A: He would have spoken.
N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
|
- action that might
have taken place in the past
|
if sentences type III
(If I had seen that, I would have
helped.)
|
Conditional
II Progressive
|
A: He would have been speaking.
N: He would not have been speaking.
Q: Would he have been speaking?
|
- action that might have taken place
in the past
- puts emphasis on the course / duration of the
action
|
|
موضوع: THE ENGLISH TENSES 
الأحد أبريل 18, 2010 12:25 pm
